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Classic and vintage car culture is a diversified culture. It's not just a muscle car. In addition to the obvious rumble of the American V8 engine, vintage cars in Europe and Asia are also part of the regular landscape. There are some premium events around the world, showcasing some of the most sought-after models from legendary manufacturers like Pierce Arrow , LaSalle, Cord, Auburn, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Mercedes and Dusenberg-just to name a few. As we all know, this is just the tip of the iceberg.

For all these different cars, what do they have in common? People are driving them. Sales of trailers have fallen. Road rallies are on the rise. The insurance company has a policy that encourages us to drive. Gone are the days of stopping a good car to avoid stone chips or bird droppings. These are cars designed for the road.

Building or rebuilding engines for classic cars is not a new concept. If you’re talking about classic muscle cars or American V8 engines, engine manufacturers do it day in and day out—build anything from powerful everyday drivers Go to the high-horsepower street fighter. Most of us are familiar with all aspects of this type of work, and engine manufacturers can easily speak from experience and read their customers to find out exactly what they are looking for.

Speaking of parts, if they are not available locally, we will use the power of the Internet to jump to the Internet, and they usually do not exceed two or three days (obviously, the timeline has changed in the COVID era). The information is also there. If we need any information, we can easily find a complete reference library at our fingertips.

But what about some of these retro brands? I have to consider that some of the processes may be different, especially some of the less common processes. I have some thoughts on this, but did not speculate. Instead, I chose a first-hand view and talked with R&R Auto Restorations in Mount Kisco, New York. They focus on European brands from the 50s, 60s and early 70s, and the owner Randy Elber is passionate about vintage car restoration.

Rebuilding the engine in one of these classic models has its own identity, but to understand it, we must first conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the vehicle, the owner’s intention or goal, cost, and the financial impact of the vehicle.

The first step is to evaluate the car from front to back, and then establish goals with the customer. When a car comes in, it accepts a minimum of 8 hours of time input for inspection only. Everything has been checked, including the body and paint condition, trim fit, internal condition, wiring, fuel system, brakes, engine condition-including compression checks and road tests as much as possible.

Through a complete assessment of the vehicle's condition, Elber can present the project plan to the vehicle owner. Some cars have been completely restored, and this requires no explanation. Others are preserved style cars, the overall condition is good enough, the reconstruction of the mechanical devices will produce a reliable, drivable car, its originality is worth its weight.

Elber first focuses on what the owner wants to do with the car. "Some people may want to run the exhibition tour for a year, and then participate in the road rally," Elber said. Some people don't care about performances and just go to the rally, so the car must be bulletproof. "

Elber does all the disassembly and assembly in-house, but cooperates with other local shops for machine work and explains that most of them mainly manufacture high-horsepower domestic V8 engines, which is beneficial to his work.

"The advantage of working with a machine shop with racing experience is that I am trying to make things that are durable," Elber said. "Their experience of this kind of performance allows them to figure out what works and what does not work."

The point is to make the engine durable and reliable, not to increase performance or power. "Many European engines have very small displacements, so there are not too many to use," he said. "In many cases, you really don't have the option of increasing power."

He went on to explain that the compression ratio, combustion chamber and valve dimensions, intake ports, exhaust system and cam profile remained the same, but they used better pistons and better materials in the reconstruction process.

As passionate about cars as car owners, Elber expands on another reason for keeping engine inventory sources. "This is the entire package of the car, showing their original use, such as high-speed, high-speed cars," Elber said. "They all have different personalities, and that's the fun of it."

Although the design and general specifications remained unchanged to preserve the original characteristics of the engine, balance was one of the main goals of R&R during reconstruction. Elber explained that many of the original parts of these old engines had tolerances as high as 5 grams, while modern tolerances are now half a gram or less. He once again relied on the machine shop he worked with to balance without compromising the integrity of the original components.

Crankshafts and connecting rods are usually in good condition, can be reused, and there are many ways to repair them. If they cannot find the bearing, they sometimes have to find a close housing and coat it to achieve the correct tolerances. Elber said that from the late 1950s to the 1960s, you can usually find workshop manuals reflecting engine specifications and clearances, but it may be difficult to find on some early vehicles. He relies on other engine shops and their experience to advise him on these types of specifications and tolerances during engine manufacturing.

Elber explained that the piston ring clearance is allowed based on experience and current technology. The hardening of the camshaft is much better than before, which increases the life and reliability of the engine.

"Sometimes we have to do a lot of head work on the valve guide, including re-welding the holes and making the guide tube," Elber said. "In the 1950s, many exhaust valves did not have valve seals running. They were just machined tightly, but now not many people like to see a puff of smoke when starting. It is very common to machine custom tops on valve guides, so we Seals can be installed to solve this problem."

If the piston needs to be replaced, some pistons can be ordered, but some pistons need to be manufactured. "For Mercedes, you can get the Pistons," he said. "Other brands, such as Ferrari, Alfa Romeo or Lancia, we have all produced."

Speaking of gaskets and seals, although there are some available, they usually have to manufacture them. Making custom head gaskets is a regular part of R&R work, and the workshop has many relationships with gasket manufacturers. Because they specialize in specific brands, they often use the same type of engine multiple times. Once a custom gasket is made, it will be easier to obtain next time.

O-ring seals are usually standard metric sizes when they are new, and most are available, but they are not always listed by application. In most cases, they must measure seals based on size and application and order new seals.

Although they prefer to stick to the original as much as possible, a common upgrade is to run a modern oil filter instead of a filter, simply because the filtering effect is much better.

Engine surface treatment is also an important aspect of retro brands, and there are two different methods. For restoration, everything is stripped to bare metal, and historical photos, documents, or available service information are used, as close as possible to the original state. Some parts are bare, some are electroplated, some parts are painted, and some parts are bolted first, and then the engine is painted. They figure out what was installed or not installed when painting, so everything is correct, even overspray on certain parts.

In a preservation car, some parts may leave the original finish or gloss, but there are many factors that affect this decision, including the value of the car and its impact on value. All of these will be determined during the project evaluation stage before the engine is dismantled.

Service information can be a challenge. "Each manufacturer is slightly different, depending on how well they store the information," Elber said. "For things in Italy, for example, their information is terrible." When the information is not available, they have nothing to do except experience, except for photos of the period or physical evidence left over.

Make every effort to keep things as original as possible. Most car owners are interested in what makes the most sense to the car. "Creativity is where it is," Elber admits. "That is always the maximum. From an investment point of view, its most primitive place is where it is located. They rely on us to provide advice in this regard."

Some older vehicles have very demanding maintenance requirements, including lubrication points in the distributor, and regular ignition points and timing adjustments. Contrary to upgrading to electronic ignition, these systems are kept in their original state for the value and characteristics of the car. R&R also conducts regular maintenance on these vehicles to ensure that they are kept in optimal operating conditions.

R&R is known for the reliability of its restorations. This past summer, Elber participated in a road rally, which included his four repairs. Each car drove more than 1,300 miles in five days, climbed Pikes Peak, and drove for a long time at a speed of more than 100 mph. The cars ran hard for five days, and every car passed smoothly.

"The men are tired of the game," he said. "These old cars are reliable and durable, and customers are confident to drive well. They look really cool, but they are 1,000 times cooler when driving." EB

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